Mathematical Indicator Codes Reference
Comprehensive guide to mathematical symbols, notation, and indicator codes
Basic Operations
Addition / Plus
Binary operation for adding two numbers
a + b
Subtraction / Minus
Binary operation for subtracting numbers
a − b
Multiplication
Product of two numbers
a × b, a · b, or ab
Division
Quotient of two numbers
a ÷ b, a / b, or a/b
Equals
Equality relation
a = b
Not Equal
Inequality relation
a ≠ b
Comparison & Inequalities
Less Than
a is smaller than b
a < b
Greater Than
a is larger than b
a > b
Less Than or Equal
a is smaller than or equal to b
a ≤ b
Greater Than or Equal
a is larger than or equal to b
a ≥ b
Approximately Equal
a is approximately equal to b
a ≈ b
Identical / Equivalent
a is identical or equivalent to b
a ≡ b
Advanced Operations
Square Root
Principal square root
√a or a^(1/2)
Cube Root
Cubic root
∛a or a^(1/3)
Exponentiation
Raise to power
x^n or x**n
Absolute Value
Distance from zero
|x| or abs(x)
Factorial
Product of integers from 1 to n
n! = n × (n-1) × ... × 2 × 1
Modulo / Remainder
Remainder after division
a mod b or a % b
Greek Letters & Constants
Pi
Ratio of circumference to diameter
π ≈ 3.14159...
Euler's Number
Natural logarithm base
e ≈ 2.71828...
Golden Ratio (Phi)
Golden proportion
φ = (1 + √5) / 2 ≈ 1.618
Infinity
Unbounded quantity
lim (x→∞)
Sigma (Summation)
Sum of a sequence
Σ(i=1 to n) aᵢ
Pi (Product)
Product of a sequence
Π(i=1 to n) aᵢ
Set Theory & Logic
Element Of
a is an element of set A
a ∈ A
Not Element Of
a is not an element of set A
a ∉ A
Union
Elements in A or B or both
A ∪ B
Intersection
Elements in both A and B
A ∩ B
Subset
A is a subset of B
A ⊂ B
Empty Set
Set with no elements
∅ or {}
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